脚本宝典收集整理的这篇文章主要介绍了使用 PowerShell 安装 Linux，脚本宝典觉得挺不错的，现在分享给大家，也给大家做个参考。
因需要使用 linux 下的 make 编译 lib 库，推出该章节。
当然也可以在 windows 下使用 make 编译，需要安装 mingw，以及使用 mingw-make.exe 来配置环境变量，然后可以使用 make 命令。
此处使用 Powershell 命令来安装 linux ，并使用 linux 来编译 lib 库。
先使用 Powershell 启动 Linux：Enable-WindowsOptionalFeature -Online -FeatureName Microsoft-Windows-Subsystem-Linux
PS C:Windowssystem32> Enable-WindowsOptionalFeature -Online -FeatureName Microsoft-Windows-Subsystem-Linux
Path :
Online : True
RestartNeeded : False
PS C:Windowssystem32> cd C:data
PS C:data> Invoke-WebRequest -Uri https://wsldownload.azureedge.net/Ubuntu_1604.2019.523.0_x64.appx -OutFile Ubuntu.appx -UseBasicParsing
PS C:data> dir
Directory: C:data
Mode LastWriteTime Length Name
---- ------------- ------ ----
-a---- 2/16/2022 4:11 PM 208755084 Ubuntu.appx
PS C:data> Add-AppxPackage .Ubuntu.appx
Add-AppxPackage : Cannot find path 'C:data.Ubuntu.appx' because it does not exist.
At line:1 char:1
+ Add-AppxPackage .Ubuntu.appx
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ CategoryInfo : ObjectNotFound: (C:data.Ubuntu.appx:String) [Add-AppxPackage], ItemNotFoundException
+ FullyQualifiedErrorId : PathNotFound,Microsoft.Windows.Appx.PackageManager.Commands.AddAppxPackageCommand
PS C:data> Add-AppxPackage .Ubuntu.appx
PS C:data>
然后在 Windows Start 中搜索 Ubuntu 并启动：
Installing, this may take a few minutes... Please create a default UNIX user account. The username does not need to match your Windows username. For more information visit: https://aka.ms/wslusers Enter new UNIX username: admin Enter new UNIX password: Retype new UNIX password: Sorry, passwords do not match passwd: Authentication token manipulation error passwd: password unchanged Try again? [y/N] y Enter new UNIX password: Retype new UNIX password: passwd: password updated successfully Installation successful! To run a command as administrator (user "root"), use "sudo <command>". See "man sudo_root" for details. admin@YK-SZPC00093:~$
然后可以使用 Linux 命令了
admin@YK-SZPC00093:~$ cmake -v The program 'cmake' is currently not installed. You can install it by typing: sudo apt install cmake admin@YK-SZPC00093:~$ sudo apt install cmake [sudo] password for jessea: Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following package was automatically installed and is no longer required: libfreetype6 Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove it. The following additional packages will be installed: binutils cmake-data cpp cpp-5 gcc gcc-5 libarchive13 libasan2 libatomic1 libc-dev-bin libc6-dev libcc1-0 libcilkrts5 libcurl3 libgcc-5-dev libgomp1 libisl15 libitm1 libjsoncpp1 liblsan0 libmpc3 libmpx0 libquadmath0 libtsan0 libubsan0 linux-libc-dev make manpages-dev Suggested packages: binutils-doc codeblocks eclipse ninja-build cpp-doc gcc-5-locales gcc-multilib autoconf automake libtool flex bison gdb gcc-doc gcc-5-multilib gcc-5-doc libgcc1-dbg libgomp1-dbg libitm1-dbg libatomic1-dbg libasan2-dbg liblsan0-dbg libtsan0-dbg libubsan0-dbg libcilkrts5-dbg libmpx0-dbg libquadmath0-dbg lrzip glibc-doc make-doc The following NEW packages will be installed: binutils cmake cmake-data cpp cpp-5 gcc gcc-5 libarchive13 libasan2 libatomic1 libc-dev-bin libc6-dev libcc1-0 libcilkrts5 libcurl3 libgcc-5-dev libgomp1 libisl15 libitm1 libjsoncpp1 liblsan0 libmpc3 libmpx0 libquadmath0 libtsan0 libubsan0 linux-libc-dev make manpages-dev 0 upgraded, 29 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 31.7 MB of archives. After this operation, 122 MB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 cmake-data all 3.5.1-1ubuntu3 [1,121 kB] Err:2 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/main amd64 libarchive13 amd64 3.1.2-11ubuntu0.16.04.6 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.88.152 80] Ign:3 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/main amd64 libcurl3 amd64 7.47.0-1ubuntu2.12 Get:4 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libjsoncpp1 amd64 1.7.2-1 [73.0 kB] Get:5 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 cmake amd64 3.5.1-1ubuntu3 [2,623 kB] Err:2 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/main amd64 libarchive13 amd64 3.1.2-11ubuntu0.16.04.6 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.88.152 80] Err:3 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/main amd64 libcurl3 amd64 7.47.0-1ubuntu2.12 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.88.152 80] 7% [5 cmake 883 kB/2,623 kB 34%]
这个版本的 linux 还是缺少很多库的，不是一个完整版本，可以看到 gcc 都没有安装：
Need to get 31.7 MB of archives. After this operation, 122 MB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 cmake-data all 3.5.1-1ubuntu3 [1,121 kB] Err:2 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/main amd64 libarchive13 amd64 3.1.2-11ubuntu0.16.04.6 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.88.152 80] Ign:3 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/main amd64 libcurl3 amd64 7.47.0-1ubuntu2.12 Get:4 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libjsoncpp1 amd64 1.7.2-1 [73.0 kB] Get:5 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 cmake amd64 3.5.1-1ubuntu3 [2,623 kB] Err:2 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/main amd64 libarchive13 amd64 3.1.2-11ubuntu0.16.04.6 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.88.152 80] Err:3 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/main amd64 libcurl3 amd64 7.47.0-1ubuntu2.12 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.88.152 80] Get:6 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libmpc3 amd64 1.0.3-1 [39.7 kB] Get:7 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 binutils amd64 2.26.1-1ubuntu1~16.04.8 [2,312 kB] Get:8 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libisl15 amd64 0.16.1-1 [524 kB] Err:9 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 cpp-5 amd64 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.11 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.88.152 80] Get:10 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 cpp amd64 4:5.3.1-1ubuntu1 [27.7 kB] Err:11 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libcc1-0 amd64 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.11 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.88.152 80] Err:12 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libgomp1 amd64 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.11 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.88.152 80] Err:13 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libitm1 amd64 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.11 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.88.152 80] Err:14 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libatomic1 amd64 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.11 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.88.152 80] Err:15 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libasan2 amd64 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.11 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.88.152 80] Err:16 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 liblsan0 amd64 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.11 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.88.152 80] Err:17 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libtsan0 amd64 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.11 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.88.152 80] Err:18 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libubsan0 amd64 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.11 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.88.152 80] Err:19 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libcilkrts5 amd64 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.11 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.88.152 80] Err:20 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libmpx0 amd64 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.11 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.88.152 80] Err:21 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libquadmath0 amd64 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.11 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.88.152 80] Err:22 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libgcc-5-dev amd64 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.11 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.88.152 80] Err:23 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 gcc-5 amd64 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.11 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.88.152 80] Get:24 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 gcc amd64 4:5.3.1-1ubuntu1 [5,244 B] Err:25 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libc-dev-bin amd64 2.23-0ubuntu11 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.88.152 80] Err:26 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/main amd64 linux-libc-dev amd64 4.4.0-148.174 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.88.152 80] Err:27 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libc6-dev amd64 2.23-0ubuntu11 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.88.152 80] Get:28 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 make amd64 4.1-6 [151 kB] Err:26 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/main amd64 linux-libc-dev amd64 4.4.0-148.174 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.88.152 80] Get:29 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 manpages-dev all 4.04-2 [2,048 kB] Fetched 8,924 kB in 35s (252 kB/s) E: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/liba/libarchive/libarchive13_3.1.2-11ubuntu0.16.04.6_amd64.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.88.152 80] E: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/c/curl/libcurl3_7.47.0-1ubuntu2.12_amd64.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.88.152 80] E: Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/g/gcc-5/cpp-5_5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.11_amd64.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.88.152 80] E: Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/g/gcc-5/libcc1-0_5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.11_amd64.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.88.152 80] E: Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/g/gcc-5/libgomp1_5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.11_amd64.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.88.152 80] E: Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/g/gcc-5/libitm1_5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.11_amd64.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.88.152 80] E: Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/g/gcc-5/libatomic1_5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.11_amd64.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.88.152 80] E: Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/g/gcc-5/libasan2_5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.11_amd64.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.88.152 80] E: Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/g/gcc-5/liblsan0_5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.11_amd64.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.88.152 80] E: Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/g/gcc-5/libtsan0_5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.11_amd64.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.88.152 80] E: Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/g/gcc-5/libubsan0_5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.11_amd64.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.88.152 80] E: Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/g/gcc-5/libcilkrts5_5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.11_amd64.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.88.152 80] E: Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/g/gcc-5/libmpx0_5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.11_amd64.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.88.152 80] E: Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/g/gcc-5/libquadmath0_5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.11_amd64.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.88.152 80] E: Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/g/gcc-5/libgcc-5-dev_5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.11_amd64.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.88.152 80] E: Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/g/gcc-5/gcc-5_5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.11_amd64.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.88.152 80] E: Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/g/glibc/libc-dev-bin_2.23-0ubuntu11_amd64.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.88.152 80] E: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/l/linux/linux-libc-dev_4.4.0-148.174_amd64.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.88.152 80] E: Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/g/glibc/libc6-dev_2.23-0ubuntu11_amd64.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.88.152 80] E: Unable to fetch some archives, maybe run apt-get update or try with --fix-missing? admin@YK-SZPC00093:~$ gcc -v The program 'gcc' is currently not installed. You can install it by typing: sudo apt install gcc admin@YK-SZPC00093:~$ sudo apt install gcc
后续只需要使用命令安装好所需的软件和环境就好。
Powershell 卸载 Linux ：
//获取 linux name >Get-AppxPackage *ubuntu* //从结果中拿到 Name：CanonicalGroupLimited.Ubuntu16.04onWindows，然后执行以下 >Get-AppxPackage CanonicalGroupLimited.Ubuntu16.04onWindows | Remove-AppxPackage
Powershell 禁用 Linux：
>Disable-WindowsOptionalFeature -Online -FeatureName Microsoft-Windows-Subsystem-Linux
以上是脚本宝典为你收集整理的使用 PowerShell 安装 Linux全部内容，希望文章能够帮你解决使用 PowerShell 安装 Linux所遇到的问题。
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