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During the whole of this war, the people, to whom it was very expensive and irksome [annoying], and to whom it was made the more distressing by almost every family being divided - some of its members attaching themselves to one side and some to the other - were over and over again most anxious for peace. So were some of the best men in each cause. Accordingly, treaties of peace were discussed between commissioners [委员] from the Parliament and the King; at York, at Oxford (where the King held a little Parliament of his own), and at Uxbridge. But they came to nothing. In all these negotiations, and in all his difficulties, the King showed himself at his best. He was courageous, cool, self-possessed [沉着], and clever; but, the old taint [痕迹] of his character was always in him, and he was never for one single moment to be trusted. Lord Clarendon, the historian, one of his highest admirers, supposes that he had unhappily promised the Queen never to make peace without her consent, and that this must often be taken as his excuse. He never kept his word from night to morning. He signed a cessation [停止] of hostilities with the blood-stained Irish rebels for a sum of money, and invited the Irish regiments over, to help him against the Parliament. In the battle of Naseby, his cabinet was seized and was found to contain a correspondence with the Queen, in which he expressly [clearly and firmly] told her that he had deceived the Parliament - a mongrel [混血的] Parliament, he called it now, as an improvement on his old term [说法] of vipers - in pretending to recognise it and to treat [engage in negotiations] with it; and from which it further appeared that he had long been in secret treaty with the Duke of Lorraine for a foreign army of ten thousand men. Disappointed in this, he sent a most devoted friend of his, the Earl of Glamorgan, to Ireland, to conclude a secret treaty with the Catholic powers, to send him an Irish army of ten thousand men; in return for which he was to bestow [授予] great favours on the Catholic religion. And, when this treaty was discovered in the carriage of a fighting Irish Archbishop who was killed in one of the many skirmishes [小遭遇战] of those days, he basely [卑劣地] denied and deserted his attached friend, the Earl, on his being charged with high treason; and - even worse than this - had left blanks in the secret instructions he gave him with his own kingly {sarcasm} hand, expressly [clearly] that he might thus save himself.
be attached to sb/sth: like sb/sth very much. 授予和授与都对。
At last, on the twenty-seventh day of April, one thousand six hundred and forty-six, the King found himself in the city of Oxford, so surrounded by the Parliamentary army who were closing in upon him on all sides that he felt that if he would escape he must delay no longer. So, that night, having altered the cut of his hair and beard, he was dressed up as a servant and put upon a horse with a cloak strapped behind him, and rode out of the town behind one of his own faithful followers, with a clergyman of that country who knew the road well, for a guide. He rode towards London as far as Harrow, and then altered his plans and resolved, it would seem, to go to the Scottish camp. The Scottish men had been invited over to help the Parliamentary army, and had a large force then in England. The King was so desperately intriguing [fascinating] in everything he did [脑洞清奇], that it is doubtful what he exactly meant by this step. He took it [the step], anyhow [anyway; carelessly], and delivered [交]himself up to the Earl of Leven, the Scottish general-in-chief, who treated him as an honourable prisoner. Negotiations between the Parliament on the one hand and the Scottish authorities on the other, as to what should be done with him, lasted until the following February. Then, when the King had refused to the Parliament the concession [right, 权力] of that old militia point for twenty years, and had refused to Scotland the recognition of its Solemn League and Covenant, Scotland got a handsome [considerable] sum for its army and its help, and the King into the bargain. He was taken, by certain Parliamentary commissioners appointed to receive him, to one of his own houses, called Holmby House, near Althorpe, in Northamptonshire.
While the Civil War was still in progress, John Pym died, and was buried with great honour in Westminster Abbey - not with greater honour than he deserved, for the liberties of Englishmen owe a mighty debt to Pym and Hampden. The war was but [only] newly [recently] over when the Earl of Essex died, of an illness brought on by his having overheated himself in a stag [鹿] hunt in Windsor Forest. He, too, was buried in Westminster Abbey, with great state [礼仪]. I wish it were not necessary to add that Archbishop Laud died upon the scaffold [断头台] when the war was not yet done. His trial lasted in all nearly a year, and, it being doubtful even then whether the charges brought against him amounted to treason, the odious [可恨的] old contrivance [帮凶] of the worst kings was resorted to, and a bill of attainder was brought in against him. He was a violently prejudiced and mischievous person; had had strong ear-cropping and nose-splitting propensities [倾向], as you know; and had done a world of harm. But he died peaceably, and like a brave old man.
A bill of attainder (also known as an act of attainder or writ of attainder or bill of penalties) is an act of a legislature declaring a person, or a group of people, guilty of some crime, and punishing them, often without a trial.
a world of: a great deal of
六级/考研单词: expense, distress, accordingly, treaty, parliament, consent, seldom, hostile, rebel, regiment, cabinet, deceive, farther, disappoint, devote, catholic, instruct, sarcasm, thereby, cloak, strap, clergy, resolve, intrigue, partisan, solemn, handsome, bargain, liberty, hunt, necessity, contrive, prejudice, legislate, guilt, punish
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