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#include <iostream>
#include <typeinfo>
// definitation of Graph
class Graph {
public:
virtual void draw()
{
std::cout << "Graph::draw() : just as an interfacen";
}
};
// definition of Rectangle, derived from Graph
class Rectangle : public Graph {
public:
void draw()
{
std::cout << "Rectangle::draw(): programs of draw a rectanglen";
}
};
// definition of Circle, derived from Graph
class Circle : public Graph
{
public:
void draw()
{
std::cout << "Circle::draw(): programs of draw a circlen";
}
};
// definitaion of fun(): as a call interface
void fun(Graph* ptr)
{
std::cout << "pointer type: " << typeid(ptr).name() << "n";
std::cout << "RTTI type: " << typeid(*ptr).name() << "n";
ptr->draw();
}
// test
int main()
{
Graph g1;
Rectangle r1;
Circle c1;
// call by object name
g1.draw();
r1.draw();
c1.draw();
std::cout << "n";
// call by object name, and using the scope resolution operator::
r1.Graph::draw();
c1.Graph::draw();
std::cout << "n";
// call by pointer to Base class
fun(&g1);
fun(&r1);
fun(&c1);
}
同名覆盖原则:如果派生类声明了一个与基类成员函数同名的函数成员,那么直接使用成员名只能访问派生类的对应成员。
二元作用域分辨符:使用作用域分辨符和基类名来访问被隐藏的基类成员函数。
类型兼容原则:派生类对象可以作为基类对象使用,但是只能使用从基类继承的成员
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;
class Battery {
public:
Battery(int _cap = 70) :capacity(_cap){}
int get_capacity()
{
return capacity;
}
private:
int capacity;
};
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;
class Car {
public:
Car() = default;
Car(string _maker, string _model, int _year, int _odo = 0)
:maker(_maker), model(_model), year(_year), odometers(_odo){}
void info()
{
cout.setf(ios::left);
cout << setw(15) << "maker:" << maker << endl;
cout << setw(15) << "model:" << model << endl;
cout << setw(15) << "year:" << year << endl;
cout << setw(15) << "odometers:" << odometers << endl;
}
void update_odometers(int _meters)
{
if ( _meters < odometers ) {
cout << "Incorrect Value!!!" << endl;
return;
}
else {
odometers = _meters;
}
}
private:
string maker;
string model;
int year;
int odometers;
};
#include "battery.hpp"
#include "car.hpp"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class ElectricCar :public Car {
public:
ElectricCar(string _maker, string _model, int _year, int _odo = 0, Battery _bat = Battery())
:Car(_maker, _model, _year, _odo),battery(_bat){}
void info()
{
Car::info();
cout << setw(15) << "capacity:" << battery.get_capacity()
<< "-kWh" << endl;
}
private:
Battery battery;
};
#include <iostream>
#include "electricCar.hpp"
int main()
{
using namespace std;
// test class of Car
Car oldcar("PPTTYY", "b1", 2021);
cout << "--------oldcar's info--------" << endl;
oldcar.update_odometers(2288);
oldcar.info();
cout << endl;
// test class of ElectricCar
ElectricCar newcar("slkadj", "ksjdl", 1234);
newcar.update_odometers(423749);
cout << "n--------newcar's info--------n";
newcar.info();
}
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class MachinePets {
public:
MachinePets(const string s) :nickname(s){}
virtual string talk()
{
return "xixi";
}
string get_nickname()const
{
return nickname;
}
private:
string nickname;
};
class PetCats:public MachinePets {
public:
PetCats(const string s) :MachinePets(s){}
string talk()
{
return "miao wu~";
}
};
class PetDogs :public MachinePets {
public:
PetDogs(const string s) :MachinePets(s){}
string talk()
{
return "wang wang~";
}
};
#include <iostream>
#include "pets.hpp"
void play(MachinePets *ptr)
{
std::cout << ptr->get_nickname() << " says " << ptr->talk()
<< std::endl;
}
int main()
{
PetCats cat("miku");
PetDogs dog("da huang");
play(&cat);
play(&dog);
}
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